Portulacaria afra, commonly known as Elephant Bush, Dwarf Jade Plant, or Spekboom, is a fascinating succulent shrub or small tree native to South Africa. This versatile plant is admired for its small, round, fleshy leaves, reddish-brown stems, and its resilience in a variety of conditions. It's a popular choice for bonsai, succulent gardens, and even as an indoor plant.
 
Key Features of Portulacaria afra
Small, Round, Fleshy Leaves: The plant features numerous small, oval to round, succulent leaves that are typically green but can take on reddish or purplish hues under stress or with certain cultivars.
Reddish-Brown Stems: The stems are smooth and have a reddish-brown color that becomes more woody with age.
Succulent Nature: Both the leaves and stems store water, making it drought-tolerant.
Variable Growth Habit: Can grow as a small, bushy shrub, a ground cover, or even trained as a small tree or bonsai.
Air Purifying Qualities: It is known for its ability to sequester significant amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Edible Leaves (Tangy Flavor): The leaves are edible and have a slightly tangy, lemony flavor, often used sparingly in salads or soups.
Small Pink Flowers (Infrequent): Mature plants may occasionally produce clusters of small, star-shaped pink flowers, though this is more common in their native habitat and can be infrequent in cultivation.
 
Care for Your Portulacaria afra
Light: Thrives in bright, indirect sunlight but can also tolerate some direct sun, which can enhance leaf coloration. Lower light levels can lead to leggy growth.
Soil: Requires well-draining soil to prevent root rot. A cactus or succulent potting mix is ideal.
Watering: Water thoroughly only when the soil is completely dry to the touch. It is drought-tolerant, so underwatering is generally safer than overwatering. Reduce watering significantly during the dormant winter months.
Temperature: Prefers warm temperatures and is generally not frost-tolerant. Protect from freezing conditions.
Humidity: Adapts well to typical household humidity levels. Good air circulation is beneficial.
 
Maintenance for a Thriving Elephant Bush
Pruning: Responds well to pruning, which can be done to shape the plant, control its size, or encourage bushier growth. This makes it excellent for bonsai.
Repotting: Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound. Choose a pot only slightly larger with good drainage. Spring or early summer is the best time for repotting.
Pest Control: Monitor for common succulent pests like mealybugs and scale. Treat any infestations promptly with appropriate methods.
Fertilizing: Fertilize sparingly during the active growing season (spring and summer) with a diluted balanced liquid fertilizer. Avoid over-fertilizing.
 
Propagation Methods for Expanding Your Collection
Stem Cuttings: The easiest and most common method. Take healthy stem cuttings a few inches long, allow the cut ends to callus over for a few days, and then plant them in well-draining soil. Keep the soil lightly moist until roots establish.
Leaf Cuttings: While possible, leaf propagation can be slower and less reliable than stem cuttings. Allow the cut end of a healthy leaf to callus and then place it on top of well-draining soil. New plantlets may eventually emerge.
 
Portulacaria afra is a resilient and attractive succulent with a variety of uses, from ornamental gardening to bonsai cultivation. Its ease of care, drought tolerance, and unique features make it a rewarding plant for both novice and experienced growers.
 
 
* Picture and information intended only as a guide. Size and colours of plants will vary, not any 1 plant is exactly the same and minor variations will occur.
 
** All plants will be posted bare rooted.